This class focuses on studying the natural philosophy of the Stoics. Through a close reading of the sources we will raise a number of philosophical issues such as: the unifying function of the pneuma in Stoic cosmology;  the place of human beings in the chain of beings;  the proofs for the existence of the gods; the “lazy argument” as well as the issue of fate and freedom of will. We will learn how to deal with fragments and how to reach the relevant secondary literature.