The issue of thought in the Classical world has been a source of conceptual and aesthetic inspiration throughout the history of western culture. In ancient times, questions on the nature of concepts such as the "beautiful" and the "good" were the focus of philosophical debates, as well as in relation to political, moral, social and gender issues. Such themes were reflected in a plethora of images imbued with democratic values in the Classical period and cosmopolitan values in the Hellenistic period.  At the core of Classical thought stands the concept that conceives the human body as a physical reflection of its spirit. Perceived thus, an understanding of the relationship between content and image in the artistic language of ancient times is imperative. The course will provide tools for understanding the languages of painting, sculpture and architecture in the Greek world, in accordance with their chronology. We shall examine the connection between the artistic language and spiritual worldviews, historical processes, society and gender, mythology and religion, with reference to the ancient sources and the different approaches in research.