The human activity in the Judaean Desert is typified by several peaks, most notably the Early Roman and the Byzantine periods. The harsh conditions appear to indicate a linkage between the settlement and an attempt to find refuge from an enemy as well as an attempt to find refuge from the urban society and to get close to the Lord in the solitude of the desert. The curse will be devoted to the examination of the site of Qumran and the phenomenon of Judaean Desert Byzantine hermits – focusing on the similarity and difference. Several guest lecture will take place