The seminar examines the development of three basic concepts that shaped the nature of modern politics. The aim is to explore the different meanings of these concepts in different philosophical traditions. Such an exploration enables a deep understanding of their different meanings and the way in which these meanings were translated into reality. The seminar brings together the intellectual history of political concepts and comparative politics in order to delve into the interaction between concepts and practices. The seminar relates to current dilemmas in order to contribute to our understanding of the complex relationship between ideas and reality.