The seminar will focus on public debates over history education in Israel and all over the world. Changes in the discipline, conflicting attitudes toward learning and education, and transformation in the nature of the nation state, generate public debates over history education in many given societies. Starting with public debates in Israel, we will compare them to various historical debates in other countries. We will discuss issues such as historical memory, historical consciousness, and historical narratives as selected approved knowledge that undergoing many transformations, thus creating debates and controversies.