The non-Arab world of Islam saw a dramatic change in the turn of the 15^th century.  Its culmination at the beginning of the 16^th century, brought about four new political entities, all enjoying a mutual political and cultural heritage, but at the same time developing a unique political ideology and modes of artistic expression.

The palaces built by the rulers of these empires strongly reflect each dynasty's   divergent imperial notions, each ruler's conception of kingship and the rules governing his relations with his subjects.

Gaze theories will be used to explore the similarities and dissimilarities between the different palaces in light of the principles outlined above.