Since the early twenties, the prehistoric human behavior was a subject of many researchers and many theories have been written on this subject, however, answers to questions such as when and why the prehistoric man shift from hunting and gathering to a sedentary way of life and beginning of agriculture are varied and some are still in debate.

In the last two decades, the number of discoveries and innovations related to the Neolithic period in the southern Levant has significantly increased. Many sites were discovered and excavated, other were re-excavated and ample of researches were produced in order to explain the ecological and anthropogenic transformations toward the beginning of the 12th millennium and the end of 5th millennium BC (all dates calibrated). The new research studies helped integrate many radio-dating metric and allow a better understanding human behavior related issues and the socioeconomic change during the studded period.

This course offers topics that highlights the emergence of agricultural societies, the full sedentary way of life at the early stages of the Neolithic period, the emergence and prosperous alongside the collapse of factors. Other topics related to the material culture, long-distant exchange, and craft specialization. Finally, will introduced to other cultures in northern and southern margins of the Levant emphasizing the similarities and differences between them.