This course deals with the relations between religion and politics under the first Abbasid caliphs up till the reign of al-Mutawakkil (assassinated in 861 CE). Among the topics discussed: the mutual dependence of religious scholars and rulers; the changing attitudes of the Abbasids and their representatives towards the House of Ali and the Shi'a; Abbasid patronage of the Hanafi school of law; the influence of the Mu'tazilis, the inquisition (Mihna) instituted by al-Ma'mun and continued by his immediate successors, the treatment of Jews, Christians and Zoroastrians (ahl al-dhimma).