At a glance, in the modern State of Israel, and throughout its history, men and women were treated as equals. However, the equality between men and women in Israeli history was not de facto, and women have had to struggle for it. The course will introduce the roles, duties and contribution of women in the history of Israel since the establishment of the Zionist movement until the 1950s, and illustrate the gap between the myth and the reality – then and now.