Technology and performance: measuring performance, performance factors, power wall. Language of the computer: operations and operands, representing instructions, supporting procedures, synchronization instructions. Arithmetic for computers: basic operations, multiplication and division, floating point. Processor: datapath, control, pip eli ning, forwarding instructions, hazards, interrupts. Memory hierarchy: cache memory, performance, virtual memory, virtual machines, coherency. Storage systems: r eli ability, secondary storage, input/output, connecting processors memory and devices, interfaces. Multiprocessors: shared memory, multithreading, multicore.