אפוקליפסה עכשיו: סוף העולם בכתבי יד מאוירים של ימי הביניים

Apocalypse Now: The End of the World in Medieval Illuminated Manuscripts

מסגרת הקורס: סמינר תואר ראשון, תש"ף (4 ש"ס)

המרצה: ד"ר רננה ברטל

renanabartal@tauex.tau.ac.il

שעת קבלה: לפי תיאום מראש

דרישות הקורס: נוכחות בשיעורים, השתתפות בדיונים במהלך השיעור, קריאת ספרות מחקר , כתיבת סמינר/רפרט.

מרכיבי הציון הסופי: הצגת רפרט בכיתה 10%, סמינר/רפרט כתוב 90%.

תאור הקורס:  

בקורס זה נבחן כיצד אויר הספר האחרון של הברית החדשה, חזון יוחנן, לאורך ימי הביניים מן התקופה הקרולינגית ועד למאה הארבע עשרה. ספר החזון, האפוקליפסה, כתוב בשפה מסתורית ומעורפלת ואולי משום כך זכה למספר כה רב של איורים אשר מבארים את הטקסט כמו גם משמשים ביטוי ויזואלי לחזיון השמימי שראה יוחנן. במהלך הקורס נתמקד בדימויים מרכזיים בספרי האפוקליפסה שהיו בעלי השפעה מכרעת על תרבות המערב כמו דמותו של אנטיכריסט, הזונה מבבל וירושלים החדשה. נבחן את הקשר בין איורי הספרים לתפיסות של ראייה וחזיון , נמקם כל ספר בהקשרו ההיסטורי ונבחן כיצד באו לידי ביטוי באיוריו מחשבות על קץ הזמן.

This course will focus on the illuminations of the book of Revelation (the Apocalypse) from the Carolingian period until the end of fifteenth century. John’s Apocalypse is written in enigmatic and mysterious language. During the middle ages it was illuminated with long cycles of images that elucidated the text and allowed viewers to visualize John’s heavenly visions. We shall focus on central Apocalyptic images that had a lasting influence on western culture such as the Whore of Babylon, Antichrist and the Heavenly Jerusalem. We will examine the relationship of these illuminated codices to perceptions of vision and eschatology, place each book in its historical context and consider how the various illuminated cycles express contemporary notions about the end of time.

נושאי הקורס:

1. מבוא: החזון של יוחנן, טקסט ודימוי

Peter Klein. “The Apocalypse in Medieval Art” The Apocalypse in the Middle Ages, eds. Richard Emmerson and Bernard McGinn, Cornell University Press, 1993, 159-199.

Richard K. Emmerson. “The Apocalypse in Medieval Culture.” The Apocalypse in the Middle Ages. eds. Richard K. Emmerson and Bernard McGinn. Cornell University Press, 1993, 293-332.

1. יוחנן: חוזה, כותב ומסטיקן

Richard Emmerson. “Framing the Apocalypse: The Performance of John’s Life in the Trinity Apocalypse.” Visualizing Medieval Performance: Perspectives, Histories, Contexts. ed. Elina Gertsman. Ashgate, 2008,. 33-56.

Richard Emmerson. “Visualizing the Visionary: John in his Apocalypse.” Looking Beyond: Visions, Dreams and Insights in Medieval Art and Thought. ed. Calum P. Hourihane. Pennsylvania State University Press, 2010, 148-76.

Peter Klein. “Visionary Experience and Corporeal Seeing in thirteenth-century English Apocalypses: John as External Witness and the Rise of Gothic Marginal Images.” Looking Beyond: Visions, Dreams and Insights in Medieval Art and Thought, 177-201

1. אפוקליפסה וראייה בימי הביניים

Madeline Caviness. “Images of Divine Order and the Third Mode of Seeing.” Art in the Medieval West and Its Audience. Ashgate, 2001, 1-22.

Peter Klein. “From the Heavenly to the Trivial: Vision and Visual Perception in Early and High Medieval Apocalypse Illustration.” The Holy Face and the Paradox of Representation. Nuova Alfa, 1998, 246-278.

1. הרוע המוחלט: אנטיכריסט

Richard K. Emmerson. Antichrist in the Middle Ages: A Study of Medieval Apocalypticism, Art and Literature. University of Washington Press, 1981 (pages to be determined)

Debra Strickland. “Antichrist and the Jews in Medieval Art and Protestant Propaganda.” Studies in Iconography, 32 (2011), 1-50.

1. משאת הנפש: ירושלים השמיימית

Bianca Kühnel. “Geography and Geometry of Jerusalem.” City of the Great King: Jerusalem from David to the Present. ed. N. Rosovsky. Cambridge: Harvard University Press, 1996, 288-332.

Bianca Kühnel. The Real and Ideal Jerusalem in Jewish, Christian, and Islamic Art, Special double issue of the annual Jewish Art 23/24, 1997/1998 (pages to be determined).

1. מחזורים מוקדמים ושאלת המקור: אפוקליפסות קרולנגיות ואטוניות

James Palmer.  The Apocalypse in the Early Middle Ages. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 2014 (pages to be determined).

Dale Kinney. “The Apocalypse in Early Christian Monumental Decoration.” The Apocalypse in the Middle Ages, 200-216.

Richard Emmerson. “The First Illustrated Apocalypses.” The Apocalypse illuminated: The Visual Exegesis of Revelation in Medieval Illustrated Manuscripts. Pennsylvania State University Press, 2018, 25-46.

1. האפוקליפסה בספרד, מסורת כתבי היד של ביאטוס מלאבנה

1. ohn Williams. The Illustrated Beatus. London, 2002. (pages to be determined)

John Williams. “Purpose and Imagery in Early Christian Monumental Decoration.” The Apocalypse in the Middle Ages, 217-33.

Richard Emmerson. “Beatus Apocalypses and Spanish Monasticism.” The Apocalypse illuminated, 47-82.

1. אפוקליפסה ואמנות הרומנסק

Richard Emmerson. “The Apocalypse Allegorised, Moralised, and Historicised.” The Apocalypse Illuminated, 83-110.

Yves Christe. “The Apocalypse in the Monumental Art of the Eleventh through Thirteenth Centuries.” The Apocalypse in the Middle Ages, 234-58.

1. האפוקליפסה הגוטית: המחזור האנגלו נורמני

Nigel J. Morgan. “Illustrated Apocalypses of Mid-thirteenth-century England: Historical Context, Patronage and Readership.” The Trinity Apocalypse, ed. David Mckitterick London and Toronto, 2005, 3-22.

Suzanne Lewis. Reading Images: Narrative Discourse and Reception in the Thirteenth-Century Apocalypse. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 1995. (pages to be determined)

Suzanne Lewis. “The English Gothic Apocalypse, Lectio divina, and the Art of Memory.” Word & Image 7 (1991), 1-32.

Bartal, Renana. "The Pepys Apocalypse (Cambridge, Magdalene College, Ms Pepys 1803) and the Readership of Religious Women.” Journal of Medieval History 37.4 (2011), 1-20.

1.  האפוקליפסה בשלהי ימי הביניים

Michael Camille. “Visionary Perception and Images of the Apocalypse in the Later Middle Ages.” The Apocalypse in the Middle Ages, 276-292.

Richard Emmerson. “The Apocalypse at the End of the Middle Ages.” Apocalypse Illuminated, 161-194.

ביבליוגרפיה נבחרת:

Bartal, Renana. Gender, Piety and Production in Fourteenth-Century English Apocalypse Manuscripts. Burlington: Ashgate, 2016.

Bartal, Renana. “The Pepys Apocalypse (Cambridge, Magdalene College, Ms Pepys 1803) and the Readership of Religious Women.” Journal of Medieval History 37.4 (2011), 1-20.

Camille, Michael. “Visionary Perception and Images of the Apocalypse in the Later Middle Ages.” The Apocalypse in the Middle Ages, eds. Richard K. Emmerson and Bernard McGinn. Cornell University Press, 1993, 276-92.

Caviness, Madeline. “Images of Divine Order and the Third Mode of Seeing.” Art in the Medieval West and Its Audience. Ashgate, 2001, 1-22.

Christe, Yves. “The Apocalypse in the Monumental Art of the Eleventh through Thirteenth Centuries.” The Apocalypse in the Middle Ages, eds. Richard K. Emmerson and Bernard McGinn. Cornell University Press, 1993, 234-258.

Emmerson, Richard K. “The Apocalypse in Medieval Culture.” The Apocalypse in the Middle Ages. eds. Richard K. Emmerson and Bernard McGinn. Cornell University Press, 1993, 293-332.

 Emmerson, Richard, K. “Framing the Apocalypse: The Performance of John’s Life in the Trinity Apocalypse.” Visualizing Medieval Performance: Perspectives, Histories, Contexts. ed. Elina Gertsman. Ashgate, 2008, 33-56.

Emmerson, Richard K. “Visualizing the Visionary: John in his Apocalypse.” Looking Beyond: Visions, Dreams and Insights in Medieval Art and Thought, ed. Calum P. Hourihane. Pennsylvania State University Press, 2010, 148-76.

Emmerson, Richard K. Antichrist in the Middle Ages: A Study of Medieval Apocalypticism, Art and Literature. University of Washington Press, 1981.

Kinney, Dale. “The Apocalypse in Early Christian Monumental Decoration.” The Apocalypse in the Middle Ages, 200-16.

Klein, Peter. ”From the Heavenly to the Trivial: Vision and Visual Perception in Early and High Medieval Apocalypse Illustration.” The Holy Face and the Paradox of Representation. Nuova Alfa, 1998, 246-278.

Klein, Peter. “Visionary Experience and Corporeal Seeing in thirteenth-century English Apocalypses: John as External Witness and the Rise of Gothic Marginal Images.” Looking Beyond: Visions, Dreams and Insights in Medieval Art and Thought, 177-201.

Klein, Peter. “The Apocalypse in Medieval Art.” The Apocalypse in the Middle Ages, eds. Richard Emmerson and Bernard McGinn, Cornell University Press, 1993, 159-199.

Bianca Kühnel. “Geography and Geometry of Jerusalem.” City of the Great King: Jerusalem from David to the Present. ed. N. Rosovsky. Cambridge: Harvard University Press, 1996, 288-332.

Bianca Kühnel. The Real and Ideal Jerusalem in Jewish, Christian, and Islamic Art, Special double issue of the annual Jewish Art 23/24, 1997/1998.

Lewis, Suzanne. Reading Images: Narrative Discourse and Reception in the Thirteenth-Century Apocalypse. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 1995.

Lewis, Suzanne. “The English Gothic Apocalypse, Lectio divina, and the Art of Memory," Word & Image 7 (1991), 1-32.

Lewis, Suzanne. “The Apocalypse of Isabella of France: Paris B.N. MS fr. 13096.” Art Bulletin 72 (1990), 224-260.

Morgan, Nigel J. “Illustrated Apocalypses of Mid-thirteenth-century England: Historical Context, Patronage and Readership.” The Trinity Apocalypse, ed. David Mckitterick London and Toronto, 2005, 3-22.

Morgan, Nigel J. The Douce Apocalypse: Picturing the End of the World in the Middle Ages. Oxford: Bodleian Library, 2006.

Morgan, Nigel J. Early Gothic Manuscripts: 1250-1285. Survey of Manuscripts Illuminated in the British Isles 4. London, Harvey Miller, 1988.

James Palmer.  The Apocalypse in the Early Middle Ages. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 2014.

Strickland, Debra. “Antichrist and the Jews in Medieval Art and Protestant Propaganda.” Studies in Iconography, 32 (2011), 1-50.

1. ohn Williams. The Illustrated Beatus. London, 2002.

John Williams. “Purpose and Imagery in Early Christian Monumental Decoration.” The Apocalypse in the Middle Ages, 217-233.