The last two decades of the 19th century mark a revolution in the history of Hebrew literature. While in 1880 it was still rooted in the sphere of enlightenment, twenty years later it re-emerged as a modern literary system, which gives a sophisticated expression to the Jewish experience in an era of an unprecedented historical change. In the first two decades of the twentieth century, Hebrew literature (still rooted in Eastern Europe( produced its best examples of poetry, fiction, essays, and literary criticism. The combination of great writers, an increasingly sophisticated means of expression, a greater attentiveness to the trends of European literature, a wide array of publishing options, and a stable reading public that turned to Hebrew literature for spiritual nourishment resulted in the establishment of a genuine Hebrew literary system. 1921 marks the symbolic and practical end of Hebrew literary life in Eastern Europe, with the death of some prominent figures, while at the same year 12 Hebrew writers, headed by Bialik and Tchernichowsky, left Odessa with their families as a group and traveled to Western Europe and Palestine of the third Aliya. The seminar will draw the literary map of this era, its center and its margins, primarily relying on various kinds of primary sources.