This class continues the historical overview presented in the “Introduction to Modern Philosophy”. We will open our discussion with a presentation of Kant, as a crucial point ending the eighteenth century and opening up the philosophical problems at stake in the nineteenth century. We will then discuss Kant’s contemporaries and critics (Herder), German Idealism (Hegel), Romantic and Materialistic responses to Kant (especially Marx), and finally, Nietzsche’s aesthetics and critique of religion. We will focus, throughout the semester, on the possibility, borders and nature of philosophy, while concentrating on the relationship between philosophy and history..