1- dr. sagi sefer

The history of the long 19^th century (1789-1914) was marked by the influence of the French and the Industrial Revolutions. European powers reached greater global dominance during that century than they had ever had. Europe was the epicenter of universal changes in economy, government, and culture. It was a conflict-ridden century, both between and within states; a century of revolutions and innovation but also of stability and conservatism. In Europe, it was foremost the century of nationalism, imperialism and above all – the century of the industrial revolution. We will discuss scientific and technological advances, urbanization, the establishment of nation states and the alternative presented by multi-national empires. The course will focus on Central Europe but will include examples from other parts of the continent.

2-  vera kaplan- This course focuses on the main developments of the “long nineteenth century” which started with  Napoleonic wars and continued until the beginning of the First World War. We will study how the attempts were made to construct the first system of international relations which purpose was to prevent future wars, and when and how appeared the first flaws in this system. Another important issue of the course is appearance of ideas, feelings and practices of nationalism in various regions of Europe – from Spain in the West to Poland and Russia in the East; starting from this question, we will try to explain, why 19^th century turned into the “age of revolutions.” Further, we will talk about the impact of modernization on urban and rural life, interconnections between industrialization and new trends in literature and art, and on the first waves of emigration in and out of Europe