The world and religious life of observant Jews during the Holocaust have never stood at the centre of Holocaust research and poses some unique historical and methodological challenges. In this course, we will learn to know better the Jewish world during the Holocaust and its experience of faith and atheism by addressing a few key questions, including: the fate of the rabbis in the Holocaust, the complex connections between ritual and faith during the war, heresy patterns and at the end of the Holocaust and more. We will also exercise the basics of academic writing and will strive to improve the skills of critical reading and analysis of historical sources.