בגן נעול: נזירות כפטרוניות, צופות ויוצרות

Enclosed Gardens: Nuns as Patrons, Viewers and Makers

מסגרת הקורס: שיעור, בחירה  תשע"ט, 2 ש"ס

0821689601

המרצה: ד"ר רננה ברטל

renanabartal@tauex.tau.ac.il

שעת קבלה: לפי תיאום מראש

דרישות הקורס:

נוכחות בשיעורים, השתתפות בדיונים במהלך השיעור, קריאת ספרות מחקר , כתיבת עבודה מסכמת.

מרכיבי הציון הסופי:

100% עבודת סיום

תאור הקורס:

לנזירות היתה השפעה מכרעת על תרבות ימי הביניים. הן נחשבו כמודל לדבקות דתית והיו בעלות מעמד יוצא דופן. התרבות הויזואלית של מנזרי נשים היתה בעלת מאפיינים ייחודיים וניכרים בה השיגים אמנותיים. קורס זה יתמקד בנזירות כפטרוניות ויוצרות של אמנות. נבדוק אם אכן היה לנזירות יחס מיוחד לדימוי הויזאולי על ידי התבוננות במבנה המנזר הנשי ועיטורו. נבחן תמות  בעלות עניין מיוחד לקהל זה ואת האמנות שיצרו נזירות כיוצרות, בעלות חזיונות או מלומדות בפני עצמן.

Long considered marginal to mainstream art history, nuns in fact had a profound impact on medieval culture. They were considered as models of piety and commanded considerable prestige. The visual culture of the convent exhibits particular characteristics and can be celebrated for its imaginative accomplishment. This course will focus on nuns as patrons or producers of art.  We shall examine whether nuns had a particular affinity for the visual by considering the architecture of the convent, themes and subjects that appealed to enclosed women, and the art that served and was produced by nuns as visionaries, makers and scholars.

1. מנזרי נשים: התחלות, הגדרות ושאלות מחקר

Jan Gerchow et al. “Early Monasteries and Foundations (500-1200)”, in Crown and Veil: Female Monasticism from the Fifth to the Fifteenth centuries, eds. Jeffrey F. Hamburger and Susan Marti (New York: Columbia University Press, 2008), pp. 13-40.

1. סגורות ומסוגרות: הארכיטקטורה של מנזרי נשים

Monastic Architecture for Women, Special issue of Gesta vol. 31/2 (1992). (pages to be determined)

3)  נזירות כיוצרות

Therese Martin, “Exceptions and Assumptions: Women in Medieval Art History”, in Reassessing the Roles of Women as ‘Makers’ of Medieval Art and Architecture, ed. Therese Martin, vol. 1 (Leiden: Brill, 2012), pp. 1-36.

Hamburger, Jeffrey F., Nuns as Artists: The Visual Culture of a Medieval Convent (Berkeley: University of California Press, 1997).

1. נשים חוזות: האוקריסט, מריה והאיחוד המיסטי

Barbara Newman, “The Visionary Texts and Visual Worlds of Religious Women”, in Crown and Veil: Female Monasticism from the Fifth to the Fifteenth Centuries, eds. Jeffrey F. Hamburger and Susan Marti (New York: Columbia University Press, 2008), pp. 151-171.

           Barbara Newman, “Gender.” In The Wiley-Blackwell Companion to Christian Mysticism, ed. Julia A. Lamm (Chichester, UK: Blackwell, 2012), pp. 41-55.

Jeffrey F. Hamburger, The Rothschild Canticles: Art and Mysticism in Flanders and the Rhineland circa 1300 (New Haven, CT: Yale University Press, 1990).

Caroline Walker Bynum, ‘Women Mystics and Eucharistic Devotion in the Thirteenth Century’, Women’s Studies, 11.1–2 (1984), 179–214.

1. ) Hildegard of Bingen

Barbara Newman, Voice of the Living Light: Hildegard of Bingen and Her World (edited volume). Berkeley: University of California Press, 1998.  

Madeline, Caviness, "Hildegard as Designer of the Illustrations to her Works," in Hildegard of Bingen: The Context of her Thought and Art, ed. Charles Burnett and Peter Dronke, London: Warburg Institute, 1998, pp. 29-63

Madeline Caviness, “Artist: To see, Hear, and Know, All at Once, “ chapter in Voice of the Living Light: Hildegard of Bingen , and Her World (Berkeley: University of California Press, 1998), 110-124.

1. מלומדות: נשים קוראות וסופרות

Summit, Jennifer, ‘Women and Authorship’, in Carolyn Dinshaw and David Wallace, eds, The Cambridge Companion to Medieval Women’s Writing (Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 2003), pp. 91–108

Griffiths, Fiona J., The Garden of Delights: Reform and Renaissance for Women in the Twelfth Century (Philadelphia: University of Pennsylvania Press, 2007).   

Cohen, Adam S., “Art, Exegesis, and Affective Piety in Twelfth-Century German Manuscripts,” in Manuscripts and Monastic Culture: Religious Reform and Intellectual Life in Twelfth-Century Germany, ed. Alison Beach (Turnhout: Brepols, 2007), 45–68.

Barbara Newman, “Liminalities: Literate Women in the Long Twelfth Century.” In European Transformations: The Long Twelfth Century, ed. Thomas F. X. Noble and John Van Engen, 354-402. Notre Dame, IN: University of Notre Dame Press, 2012.

1. פטרוניות

               Adam S. Cohen, “Abbess Uta of Regensburg:  Patterns of Patronage Around 1000,” Aurora: the Journal of the History of Art 4 (2003): 34­­–49

               Adam S. Cohen, “The Art of Reform Around the Year 1000,” Speculum 74.4 (October, 1999): 992–1020

Cynthia Hahn, "Collector and saint: Queen Radegund and devotion to the relic of the True Cross," Word and Image (22) 2006, 268-274.

10) המנזר כירושלים

Mecham, June, “A Northern Jerusalem: Transforming the Spatial Geography of the Convent of Wienhausen” in Defining the Holy: Sacred Space in Medieval and Early Modern Europe (Aldershot, England: Ashgate, 2005).

11)  ענווה וחמלה: נזירות פרנסיסקניות

Holly Flora and Arianna Pecorini Cignoni. “Requirements of Devout Contemplation: Text and Image for the Poor Clares in Trecento Pisa,” Gesta (2006): 61- 76. 

Holly Flora, “The Charity of the Virgin Mary in Paris Bibliothèque Nationale Ms. ital. 115,”  Studies in Iconography (2008): 55-89.

Woods, Jeryldene M., Women, Art, and Spirituality: The Poor Clares of Early Modern Italy (New York: Cambridge University Press, 1996)

12) סיכום – נשים והדימוי הויזואלי

קריאה מומלצת:

Crown and Veil: Female Monasticism from the Fifth to the Fifteenth centuries, eds. Jeffrey F. Hamburger and Susan Marti (New York: Columbia University Press, 2008)

Monastic Architecture for Women, Special issue of Gesta vol. 31/2 (1992)

Reassessing the Roles of Women as ‘Makers’ of Medieval Art and Architecture, ed. Therese Martin, vol. 1, (Leiden: Brill, 2012)

Hamburger, F. Jeffrey, The Visual and the Visionary: Art and Female Spirituality in Late Medieval Germany (New York: Zone Books; Cambridge, MA: MIT Press, 1998)

Jeffrey F. Hamburger and others, eds, Frauen–Kloster–Kunst: Neue Forschungen zur Kulturgeschichte des Mittelalters; Beiträge zum internationalen Kolloquium vom 13. bis 16. Mai 2005 anlässlich der Ausstellung ‘Krone und Schleier’ (Turnhout: Brepols, 2007)

Bartal, Renana, “Repetition, Opposition and Invention in an Illuminated Meditationes Vitae Christi.” Gesta 53.2 (2014), 155–174

———, ‘Bridal Mysticism and Eucharistic Devotion: The Marriage of the Lamb in an Illustrated Apocalypse from Fourteenth-Century England’, Viator  42.1 (2011), 227–246

Bell, Susan Groag, ‘Medieval Women Book Owners: Arbiters of Lay Piety and Ambassadors of Culture‘, in Judith M. Bennett and others, eds, Sisters and Workers in the Middle Ages, (Chicago: University of Chicago Press, 1989), pp. 35–61

Cohen. Adam S., The Uta Codex:  Art, Philosophy, and Reform in Eleventh-Century Germany (University Park, Pa.:  Penn State University Press, 2000)

Cohen, Adam S., “Art, Exegesis, and Affective Piety in Twelfth-Century German Manuscripts,” in Manuscripts and Monastic Culture: Religious Reform and Intellectual Life in Twelfth-Century Germany, ed. Alison Beach (Turnhout: Brepols, 2007), 45–68

Elliott, Janis and Cordelia Warr, eds., The Church of Santa Maria Donna Regina: Art, Iconography and Patronage in Fourteenth-Century Naples (Ashgate, 2004)

Flora, Holly, The Devout Belief of the Imagination: The Paris ‘Meditationes vitae Christi’ and Female Franciscan Spirituality in Trecento Italy (Turnhout: Brepols, 2010)

Gilchrist, Roberta, Gender and Material Culture: The Archaeology of Religious Women (London: Routledge, 1994)

Gilchrist, Roberta, and Marilyn Oliva, Religious Women in Medieval East Anglia: History and Archaeology, c. 1100–1540 (Norwich: Centre of East Anglian Studies, University of East Anglia, 1993)

Griffiths, Fiona J., The Garden of Delights: Reform and Renaissance for Women in the Twelfth Century (Philadelphia: University of Pennsylvania Press, 2007) 

Hahn, Cynthia, ‘Visio Dei: Changes in Medieval Visuality’, in Robert S. Nelson, ed., Visuality before and beyond the Renaissance: Seeing as Others Saw (Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 2000), pp. 169–96

Hamburger, Jeffrey F., Nuns as Artists: The Visual Culture of a Medieval Convent (Berkeley: University of California Press, 1997)

———, The Rothschild Canticles: Art and Mysticism in Flanders and the Rhineland circa 1300 (New Haven, CT: Yale University Press, 1990)

———, St. John the Divine:‎ The Deified Evangelist in Medieval Art and Theology (Berkeley: University of California Press, 2002).

Hamburger, Jeffrey F. and others, eds, Frauen–Kloster–Kunst: Neue Forschungen zur Kulturgeschichte des Mittelalters; Beiträge zum internationalen Kolloquium vom 13. bis 16. Mai 2005 anlässlich der Ausstellung ‘Krone und Schleier’ (Turnhout: Brepols, 2007)

Hutchison, Ann M., ‘Devotional Reading in the Monastery and in the Late Medieval Household’, in Michael G. Sargent, ed., De cella in seculum: Religious and Secular Life and Devotion in Late Medieval England; An Interdisciplinary Conference in Celebration of the Eighth Centenary of the Consecration of St. Hugh of Avalon, Bishop of Lincoln, 20–22 July 1986 (Cambridge: Brewer, 1989), pp. 215–27

Knowles, David, The Religious Orders in England, 3 vols (Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 1948), i, 285–86

Oliva, Marilyn, The Convent and the Community in Late Medieval England: Female Monasteries in the Diocese of Norwich, 1350–1540 (Woodbridge: Boydell, 1998)

Power, Eileen Edna, Medieval English Nunneries, c. 1275 to 1535 (Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 1922)

Robertson, Elizabeth A., ‘The Corporeality of Female Sanctity in The Life of Saint Margaret’, in Renate Blumenfeld-Kosinski and Timea Szell, eds, Images of Sainthood in Medieval Europe (Ithaca, NY: Cornell University Press, 1991), pp. 268–87

———, ‘Medieval Medical Views of Women and Female Spirituality in the Ancrene Wisse and Julian of Norwich’s Showings’, in Linda Lomperis and Sarah Stanbury, eds, Feminist Approaches to the Body in Medieval Literature (Philadelphia: University of Pennsylvania Press, 1993), pp. 142–67

Summit, Jennifer, ‘Women and Authorship’, in Carolyn Dinshaw and David Wallace, eds, The Cambridge Companion to Medieval Women’s Writing (Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 2003), pp. 91–108

Woods, Jeryldene M., Women, Art, and Spirituality: The Poor Clares of Early Modern Italy (New York: Cambridge University Press, 1996)

Woods, Marjorie Curry, ‘Shared Books: Primers, Psalters, and the Adult Acquisition of Literacy among Devout Laywomen and Women in Orders in Late Medieval England’, in Juliette Dor, Lesley Johnson, and Jocelyn Wogan-Browne, eds, New Trends in Feminine Spirituality: The Holy Women of Liège and their Impact (Turnhout: Brepols, 1999), pp. 177–89