נשים קוראות, כותבות ומאיירות בימי הביניים

Medieval Women as Readers, Writers and Makers

מסגרת הקורס: שיעור, תשע"ח, 2 ש"ס

המרצה: ד"ר רננה ברטל

renanabartal@tauex.tau.ac.il

שעת קבלה: לפי תיאום מראש

דרישות הקורס:

נוכחות בשיעורים, השתתפות בדיונים במהלך השיעור, קריאת ספרות מחקר , כתיבת עבודה מסכמת.

מרכיבי הציון הסופי:

100% עבודה מסכמת

תאור הקורס:  

באופן מסורתי נחשבו נשים כשוליות לסיפור תולדות אמנות ימי הביניים, למרות שהיוו פעמים רבות מודל לדבקות דתית. עם זאת נשים לא מעטות היו פטרוניות של יצירות אמנות ואף נטלו חלק פעיל ביצירה האמנותית בתקופה זאת. קורס זה יתמקד בנשים כקוראות, כותבות או מאיירות של כתבי יד. נבדוק אם היה לנשים יחס מיוחד לדימוי הויזאולי על ידי התבוננות בכתבי יד שונים אשר נוצרו עבור, או על ידי, נשים. נבחן תמות  בעלות עניין מיוחד לקהל זה ואת כתבי היד שיצרו נשים כאמניות, בעלות חזיונות או מלומדות בפני עצמן.

Long considered marginal to mainstream art history, women in fact had a profound impact on medieval culture. They were considered as models of piety and were patrons, as well as  producers, of art.  In this course we shall examine whether women had a particular affinity for the visual by considering themes and subjects that appealed to women, and medieval manuscripts that served and was produced by women as visionaries, makers and scholars.

נושאי הקורס:

1. מבוא: נשים בתולדות אמנות ימי הביניים

1. כתב היד המאויר בימי הביניים: אוביקט, מילה ודימוי

Panayotova, S. and Webber T., ‘Making an Illuminated Manuscript’, in The Cambridge Illuminations: Ten Centuries of Book Producion in the Medieval West, eds. Paul Binski and Stella Panayotova (London/Turnout: Harvey Miller, 2005), pp. 23-38

1. נשים קוראות

Bell, Susan Groag, ‘Medieval Women Book Owners: Arbiters of Lay Piety and Ambassadors of Culture‘, in Judith M. Bennett and others, eds, Sisters and Workers in the Middle Ages, (Chicago: University of Chicago Press, 1989), pp. 35–61

1. נשים וספר השעות

Smith, K.,“The Neville of Hornby Hours and the Design of Literate Devotion,” Art

Bulletin 81 (1999), pp. 93-92

5)  נשים חוזות: האוקריסט, מריה והאיחוד המיסטי

Barbara Newman, “The Visionary Texts and Visual Worlds of Religious Women”, in Crown and Veil: Female Monasticism from the Fifth to the Fifteenth Centuries, eds. Jeffrey F. Hamburger and Susan Marti (New York: Columbia University Press, 2008), pp. 151-171.

1.  הילדגארד מבינגן

Barbara Newman, Voice of the Living Light: Hildegard of Bingen and Her World (edited volume). Berkeley: University of California Press, 1998 (pages to be determined)

1. נשים כיוצרות

Therese Martin, “Exceptions and Assumptions: Women in Medieval Art History”, in Reassessing the Roles of Women as ‘Makers’ of Medieval Art and Architecture, ed. Therese Martin, vol. 1 (Leiden: Brill, 2012), pp. 1-36

1. מלומדות: נשים סופרות

Summit, Jennifer, ‘Women and Authorship’, in Carolyn Dinshaw and David Wallace, eds, The Cambridge Companion to Medieval Women’s Writing (Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 2003), pp. 91–108

1. הראד מהוהנבורג

Griffiths, Fiona J., The Garden of Delights: Reform and Renaissance for Women in the Twelfth Century (Philadelphia: University of Pennsylvania Press, 2007) (pages to be determined)

1. נשים כפטרוניות

               Adam S. Cohen, “Abbess Uta of Regensburg:  Patterns of Patronage Around 1000,” Aurora: the Journal of the History of Art 4 (2003): 34­­–49

1. נשים שרות

Judith Oliver, Singing with Angels : Liturgy, Music, and Art in the Gradual of Gisela von Kerssenbrock (Brepols, 2009). (pages to be determined)

1. ענווה וחמלה: נזירות פרנסיסקניות

Holly Flora and Arianna Pecorini Cignoni. “Requirements of Devout Contemplation: Text and Image for the Poor Clares in Trecento Pisa,” Gesta (2006): 61- 76. 

ביבליוגרפיה:

Crown and Veil: Female Monasticism from the Fifth to the Fifteenth centuries, eds. Jeffrey F. Hamburger and Susan Marti (New York: Columbia University Press, 2008)

Monastic Architecture for Women, Special issue of Gesta vol. 31/2 (1992)

Reassessing the Roles of Women as ‘Makers’ of Medieval Art and Architecture, ed. Therese Martin, vol. 1, (Leiden: Brill, 2012)

Hamburger, F. Jeffrey, The Visual and the Visionary: Art and Female Spirituality in Late Medieval Germany (New York: Zone Books; Cambridge, MA: MIT Press, 1998)

Jeffrey F. Hamburger and others, eds, Frauen–Kloster–Kunst: Neue Forschungen zur Kulturgeschichte des Mittelalters; Beiträge zum internationalen Kolloquium vom 13. bis 16. Mai 2005 anlässlich der Ausstellung ‘Krone und Schleier’ (Turnhout: Brepols, 2007)

Bartal, Renana, “Repetition, Opposition and Invention in an Illuminated Meditationes Vitae Christi.” Gesta 53.2 (2014), 155–174

———, ‘Bridal Mysticism and Eucharistic Devotion: The Marriage of the Lamb in an Illustrated Apocalypse from Fourteenth-Century England’, Viator  42.1 (2011), 227–246

Bell, Susan Groag, ‘Medieval Women Book Owners: Arbiters of Lay Piety and Ambassadors of Culture‘, in Judith M. Bennett and others, eds, Sisters and Workers in the Middle Ages, (Chicago: University of Chicago Press, 1989), pp. 35–61

Cohen. Adam S., The Uta Codex:  Art, Philosophy, and Reform in Eleventh-Century Germany (University Park, Pa.:  Penn State University Press, 2000)

Cohen, Adam S., “Art, Exegesis, and Affective Piety in Twelfth-Century German Manuscripts,

” in Manuscripts and Monastic Culture: Religious Reform and Intellectual Life in Twelfth-Century Germany, ed. Alison Beach (Turnhout: Brepols, 2007), 45–68

Elliott, Janis and Cordelia Warr, eds., The Church of Santa Maria Donna Regina: Art, Iconography and Patronage in Fourteenth-Century Naples (Ashgate, 2004)

Flora, Holly, The Devout Belief of the Imagination: The Paris ‘Meditationes vitae Christi’ and Female Franciscan Spirituality in Trecento Italy (Turnhout: Brepols, 2010)

Gilchrist, Roberta, Gender and Material Culture: The Archaeology of Religious Women (London: Routledge, 1994)

Gilchrist, Roberta, and Marilyn Oliva, Religious Women in Medieval East Anglia: History and Archaeology, c. 1100–1540 (Norwich: Centre of East Anglian Studies, University of East Anglia, 1993)

Griffiths, Fiona J., The Garden of Delights: Reform and Renaissance for Women in the Twelfth Century (Philadelphia: University of Pennsylvania Press, 2007) 

Hahn, Cynthia, ‘Visio Dei: Changes in Medieval Visuality’, in Robert S. Nelson, ed., Visuality before and beyond the Renaissance: Seeing as Others Saw (Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 2000), pp. 169–96

Hamburger, Jeffrey F., Nuns as Artists: The Visual Culture of a Medieval Convent (Berkeley: University of California Press, 1997)

———, The Rothschild Canticles: Art and Mysticism in Flanders and the Rhineland circa 1300 (New Haven, CT: Yale University Press, 1990)

———, St. John the Divine:‎ The Deified Evangelist in Medieval Art and Theology (Berkeley: University of California Press, 2002)

Hamburger, Jeffrey F. and others, eds, Frauen–Kloster–Kunst: Neue Forschungen zur Kulturgeschichte des Mittelalters; Beiträge zum internationalen Kolloquium vom 13. bis 16. Mai 2005 anlässlich der Ausstellung ‘Krone und Schleier’ (Turnhout: Brepols, 2007)

Hutchison, Ann M., ‘Devotional Reading in the Monastery and in the Late Medieval Household’, in Michael G. Sargent, ed., De cella in seculum: Religious and Secular Life and Devotion in Late Medieval England; An Interdisciplinary Conference in Celebration of the Eighth Centenary of the Consecration of St. Hugh of Avalon, Bishop of Lincoln, 20–22 July 1986 (Cambridge: Brewer, 1989), pp. 215–27

Knowles, David, The Religious Orders in England, 3 vols (Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 1948), i, 285–86

Oliva, Marilyn, The Convent and the Community in Late Medieval England: Female Monasteries in the Diocese of Norwich, 1350–1540 (Woodbridge: Boydell, 1998)

Power, Eileen Edna, Medieval English Nunneries, c. 1275 to 1535 (Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 1922)

Robertson, Elizabeth A., ‘The Corporeality of Female Sanctity in The Life of Saint Margaret’, in Renate Blumenfeld-Kosinski and Timea Szell, eds, Images of Sainthood in Medieval Europe (Ithaca, NY: Cornell University Press, 1991), pp. 268–87

———, ‘Medieval Medical Views of Women and Female Spirituality in the Ancrene Wisse and Julian of Norwich’s Showings’, in Linda Lomperis and Sarah Stanbury, eds, Feminist Approaches to the Body in Medieval Literature (Philadelphia: University of Pennsylvania Press, 1993), pp. 142–67

Summit, Jennifer, ‘Women and Authorship’, in Carolyn Dinshaw and David Wallace, eds, The Cambridge Companion to Medieval Women’s Writing (Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 2003), pp. 91–108

Woods, Jeryldene M., Women, Art, and Spirituality: The Poor Clares of Early Modern Italy (New York: Cambridge University Press, 1996)

Woods, Marjorie Curry, ‘Shared Books: Primers, Psalters, and the Adult Acquisition of Literacy among Devout Laywomen and Women in Orders in Late Medieval England’, in Juliette Dor, Lesley Johnson, and Jocelyn Wogan-Browne, eds, New Trends in Feminine Spirituality: The Holy Women of Liège and their Impact (Turnhout: Brepols, 1999), pp. 177–89