אמנות ימי-הביניים עמוסה בתיאורי כאב ועינוי: מפלצות נאבקות, אבירים נלחמים, עינויי החוטאים בגיהינום, תיאורי צליבה דרמטיים, הוצאה להורג של מרטירים והטלת מום בגוף הנשי. ייצוגים אלו הם גם המקום בו אמנות התקופה והצופים התמודדו עם דימוי הגוף העירום, החושי, החושני, והארוטי. הסמינר יחקור אוצר דימויים ברוטאלי זה לאור הפרשנות התיאולוגית בת הזמן, הרואה בכאב אושר וגאולה, ולאור הפרשנות הארוטית הנובעת משיר השירים והכתיבה המיסטית. כמו כן נבדוק את היחס בין גוף לנפש העומדים בלב הגדרת הכאב והעונג בימה"ב; נעמוד על ההבדל בין מונחים אלו במובנם העכשווי וזה הימי-ביניימי; ונתחקה אחר השיח הוויזואלי שמעלה האמנות סביב כאב וארוטיקה באמות המאות-14-12. הקורס ייבחן בעיות בתיאורית דימויים, רצפציה, ואסתטיקה של כאב ואירוטיקה; מה הייתה רגישות הצופה לדימויים אלו? מהי תפיסת שלמות הגוף והשחתתו? ולבסוף, מה בין אלימות וארוטיקה ממשית ומדומיינת באמנות? 

דרישות הקורס:

 

נוכחות בשיעורים, השתתפות פעילה בדיונים, קריאת ספרות המחקר (מאמרים שיידרשו במהלך הקורס), בחינה. מי שייעדר יותר משלושה מפגשים לא יעמוד בדרישות הקורס ולא יוכל לגשת לבחינה (ציון 240).

 

מטלות הקורס: רפרט בן 15 דקות ועבודה כתובה.

 

מטלות קריאה: בנוסף לקריאת החובה שלמטה – מאמרים שיידרשו במהלך הקורס.

 

ציון סופי: עבודה סמינריונית או רפרט (לפי בחירת הסטודנט/ית).

 

 

נושאי המפגשים:

 

 

1. מרטריום ויזואלי: אלימות וארוטיקה

    

Jeffrey F. Hamburger, "Overkill, or History that Hurts,” Common Knowledge 13/2-3 (2007):       

 

            404-28.

 

Mills, Robert:  Suspended Animation: Pain, Pleasure and Punishment in Medieval Culture (London: Reaktion Books, 2005), Introduction.  

 

 

 

2.      גוף, אלימות, וארוטיקה

 

Leo Steinberg, The Sexuality of Christ in Renaissance Painting and in Modern Oblivion,         

 

      (Cambridge: MIT Press 1984).

 

Caroline Walker Bynum, The Body of Christ in the Later Middle Ages: A Reply to Leo 

 

       Steinberg, Renaissance Quarterly, XXXIX (1986): 399-439.

 

Martha Easton, “Was It Good For You, Too?” Medieval Erotic Art and Its Audiences,"         

 

      Different Visions 1(2008), http://differentvisions.org/issue1PDFs/Easton.pdf

 

 

3.      הגוף הנשי המעונה: מודלים של תגובה

 

Marla Carlson, "Spectator Responses to an Image of Violence: Seeing Apollonia, Fifteenth-           Century Studies 27 (2002), 7-20.

 

Leslie Abend Callahan, "The Torture of Saint Apollonia: Deconstructing Fouquet's            Martyrdom Stage," Studies in Iconography 16 (1994), 119-138.

 

 

 

4. כיצד חוקרים?

    

5. כיצד כותבים עבודה?

    

 

6. השחתת הגוף הנשי

    

Martha Easton, "Saint Agatha and the Sanctification of Sexual Violence," Studies in          Iconography 16 (1994), 83-118.

 

Alison Stones, "Nipples, Entrails, Severed Heads, and Skin: Devotional Images for Madame        Marie," in Image and Belief: Studies in Celebration of the Eightieth Anniversary of      the Index of Christian Art, ed. Colum Hourihane (Princeton, New-Jersey: Princeton      University Press, 1999), pp. 47-70.

 

7.       השחתת הגוף הנשי

 

Jane Tibbets Schulenberg, "The Heroics of Virginity. The Brides of Christ and Sacrificial Mutilation," in Women in the Middle Ages and the Renaissance. Literary and Historic Perspectives, ed. Mary Beth Rose (New York: Syracuse University Press, 1986),                      29-72.

 

Mills 2005: 106-144.

 

8.       כאב ועונג כגאולה דתית

 

Caroline Walker Bynum, "Violent Imagery in Late Medieval Piety," Bulletin of the German          Historical Institute 30 (2002), 3-36.

 

Bynum, Caroline Walker: Wonderful Blood: Theology and Practice in Late Medieval          Northern Germany and Beyond (Philadelphia: University of Pennsylvania     Press, 2007), 685-714.

 

9.       אהבת הכאב

 

Cohen, Esther: "The Animated Pain of the Body," American Historical Review 105 (2000),           36-68.

 

 

10.   השחתת הגוף הגברי ובעיית המגדר

 

אסף פינקוס, "תוקפנות חזותית: אלימות וקדושה באמנות המאה הארבע-עשרה גרמניה," זמנים      118 (2011), 41-32.

 

Brent D. Shaw, "Body/Power/Identity: Passions of the Martyrs," Journal of Early Christian          Studies 43 (1996), 269-312.

 

 

13-11: פרזנטציות

 

 

                       

 

 

 

 

Textbooks

 

Bynum, Caroline Walker: "Violent Imagery in Late Medieval Piety," Bulletin of the German         Historical Institute 30 (2002), 3-36.

 

Cohen, Esther, ed.: Knowledge and Pain (Amsterdam:  Rodopi, 2012).

 

DuBruck, Edelgard and Yael Even: Violence in Fifteenth Century Text and Images. Fifteenth-       Century Studies 27 (2002).

 

Groebner, Valentin: Defaced. The Visual Culture of Violence in the Late Middle Ages,        translated by Pamela Selwyn (New York: Zone Book, 2004). 

 

Edgerton, Samuel Y. Jr.: Pictures and Punishment. Art and Criminal Prosecution during the         Florentine Renaissance (Ithaca : Cornell University Press, 1985).

 

Hahn, Cynthia: Portrayed on the Heart: Narrative Effect in Pictorial Lives of Saints From the Tenth Through the Thirteenth Century (Berkeley: University of California         Press, 2001), 59-128.

 

Merback, Mitchell B.: The Thief, the Cross, and the Wheel: Pain and the Spectacle of         Punishment in Medieval and Renaissance Europe (Chicago: The University of           Chicago Press, 1998).

 

             Pilgrimage and Pogrom: Violence, Memory, and Visual Culture at the Host-Miracle         Shrines of Germany and Austria (Chicago: University Of Chicago Press, 2013).

 

Mills, Robert:  Suspended Animation: Pain, Pleasure and Punishment in Medieval Culture (London: Reaktion Books, 2005).  

 

 

 

History and Cultural Studies

 

Baraz, Daniel: Medieval Cruelty. Changing Perceptions, Late Antiquity to the Early Modern          Period (Ithaca: Cornell University Press, 2003).                                                                    Biale, David: Blood and Belief. The Circulation of a Symbol between Jews and Christians           (Berkeley: University of California Press, 2007).

 

Brent D. Shaw, "Body/Power/Identity: Passions of the Martyrs," Journal of Early Christian          Studies 43 (1996), 269-312.

 

Bynum, Caroline Walker: Wonderful Blood: Theology and Practice in Late Medieval          Northern Germany and Beyond (Philadelphia: University of Pennsylvania     Press, 2007).

 

Cohen, Esther: "The Animated Pain of the Body," American Historical Review 105 (2000),           36-68.

 

Cohen, Esther: The Crossroads of Justice. Law and Culture in Late Medieval France (Leiden:       Brill, 1993).

 

Davies, Brian: The Thought of Thomas Aquinas (Oxford : Clarendon Press, 1993).

 

Dijkhuizen, Jan Frans van, and Karl A.E. Enenkel: The Sense of Suffering. Construction of Physical Pain in Early Modern Culture (Leiden, 2009)

 

Dinges, Martin: "Formenwandel der Gewalt in der Neuzeit: Zur Kritik der             Zivilisationstheorie von Norbert Elias," in Kulturen der Gewalt: Ritualisierung und     Symbolisierung von Gewalt in der Geschichte, edited by Rolf Peter Sieferle and Helga         Breuninger (Frankfurt:  Campus Verlag. 1998), 171-194. 

 

DuBruck, Edelgard and Yael Even: Violence in Fifteen Century Text and Images. Fifteenth-          Century Studies 27 (2002).

 

Enders, Jody: The Medieval Theater of Cruelty. Rhetoric, Memory, Violence           (London: Cornell University Press, 1999).

 

Evans, Gillian R.: Augustine on Evil (Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 1982).

 

Gilson, Etienne: The Philosophy of St. Thomas Aquinas, translated by Edward Bullough   (New York: Dorset Press York, 1929). 

 

Kay, Sara and Miri Rubin: Framing Medieval Bodies (Manchester, 1994).

 

Meyerson Mark D., Daniel Thiery and Oren Falk (eds.): 'A Great Effusion of Blood?':                    Interpreting Medieval Violence (Toronto: University of Toronto Press 2004).

 

Nirenberg, David: Communities of Violence. Persecution of Minorities in the Middle Ages (Princeton, 1998).  

 

Rubin, Miri: Corpus Christi. The Eucharist in Late Medieval Culture (Cambridge, 1991).

 

Scarry, Elaine: The Body in Pain: The Making and Unmaking of the World (New    York: Oxford University Press, 1987).                                                                                                  

 

 

           

 

 

Art History

 

Biernoff, Suzanne: Sight and Embodiment in the Middle Ages (Basingstoke: Palgrave                     Macmillan, 2002).

 

Bynum, Caroline Walker: Violent Imagery in Late Medieval Art," Bulletin of the German Historical Institute 30 (2002): 3-36.

 

Camille, Michael: "The Image and the Self: Unwriting Late Medieval Bodies," in: Kay and           Rubin 1994, 62-99.
Carlson, Marla: "Spectator Responses to an Image of Violence: Seeing Apollonia, Fifteenth-          Century Studies 27 (2002), 7-20.

 

Caviness, Madeline Harison: Visualizing Women in the Middle Ages: Sight, Spectacle, and Scopic Economy (Philadelphia: University of Pennsylvania Press, 2001), pp. 83-124

 

Edgerton, Samuel Y. Jr.: Pictures and Punishment. Art and Criminal Prosecution during the         Florentine Renaissance (Ithaca : Cornell University Press, 1985).

 

Gifford Martin, Nell: "Vision and Violence in some Gothic Meditative Imagery," Studies in          Iconography 17 (1996), 311-348.

 

Gilbertson, Leanne: "Imaging St. Margaret: Imitatio Christi and Imitatio Mariae in the Vanni        Altarpiece,: in Images, Relics and Devotional Practices in the Medieval and            Renaissance Italy, ed. Sally J. Cornelison and Scott B. Montgomery (Tempe: Arizona         Centre for Medieval and Renaissance Studies, 2006), pp. 115-38.

 

Groebner, Valentin: Who Are You? Identification, Deception and Surveillance in Early       Modern Europe, translated by Mark Kyburz and John Peck (New York: Zone Bools,     2007).

 

Hahn, Cynthia: Portrayed on the Heart: Narrative Effect in Pictorial Lives of Saints From the Tenth Through the Thirteenth Century (Berkeley: University of California         Press, 2001).

 

Hamburger, Jeffrey F.: "The Use of Images in the Pastoral Care of Nuns: The Case of       Heinrich Suso and the Dominicans," The Art Bulletin 71/1 (1989), 20-46.

 

------     The Visual and the Visionary: Art and Female Spirituality in Late Medieval Germany        (New York, 1998).                                                                                                             Krüger, Klaus: Unveiling the Invisible. Image and Aesthetic Illusion in Early Modern Italy   (New York: Zone Books, 2006).                                                                                              Krüger, Klaus (ed.): Imagination und Wirklichkeit. Zum Verhältnis von mentalen und realen             Bildern in der Kunst der frühen Neuzeit, (Frankfurt am Main: Hameln, 2000).

 

Lewis, Suzanne: Reading Images. Narrative Discourse and Reception in the Thirteenth-     Century Illuminated Apocalypse (Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 1995).

 

Marrow, James H.: Passion Iconography in Northern European Art of the Late Middle Ages                       and Early Renaissance. A study of Transformation of Sacred Metaphor into     Descriptive Narrative (Kortrijk: Van Ghemmert, 1979).                                           Merback, Mitchell B.: The Thief, the Cross, and the Wheel: Pain and the Spectacle of         Punishment in Medieval and Renaissance Europe (Chicago: The University of        Chicago Press, 1998).

 

-----      "Font of Mercy, City of Blood: Cultic Anti-Judaism and the Pulkau Passion                       Altarpiece," Art Bulletin 87/4 (2005), 589-664.           
Mellinkoff, Ruth: Averting Demons. The Protective Power of Medieval Visual Motifs and Themes (Los Angeles, 2004). 

 

-----      Outcasts: Signs of Otherness in Northern European Art of the Late Middle Ages      (Berkeley, 1993).

 

Miles, Margaret R.: Carnal Knowing: Female Nakedness and Religious Meaning in the                  Christian West (New York: Vintage Books, 1991).

 

Mills, Robert:  Suspended Animation: Pain, Pleasure and Punishment in Medieval Culture (London: Reaktion Books, 2005).                                                                                          Panofsky, Erwin:  "Imago Pietatis" : ein Beitrag zur Typengeschichte des   "Schmerzensmanns"  und der "Maria Mediatrix", in Festschrift für Max J.    Friedländer zum 60. Geburtstage (Leipzig: Seemann, 1927), 261-308.                                                  Openshaw, M. Kathleen: Weapons in the Daily Battle: Images of Conquest of Evil in the       Early Medieval Psalter, The Art Bulletin 75/1 (1993), 17-38.

 

Ortalli, Gherardo: La pittura infamante nei secoli XIII-XVI (Rome: Societá Editoriale                     Jouvence, 1979).                                                                                                       Puppi, Lionello: Torment in Art. Pain Violence and Martyrdom (New York: Rizzoli,1990).

 

Robertson, Elizabeth: "The Corporeality of Female Sanctity in The Life of Saint Margaret,"          in Images of Sainthood in Medieval Europe, edited by Renate Blumenfeld-Kosinski       and Timea Szell (Ithaca: Cornell University Press, 1991), 268-287.                                    

 

Ringbom, Sixten: “Devotional Images and Imaginative Devotions. Notes on the Place of Art        in Late Medieval Piety,” Gazette des Beaux-Arts 73 (1969), 159-70.                            

 

Rudolph, Conrad: Violence and Daily life: Reading, Art, and Polemics in the Citeaux         Moralia in Job (Princeton: Princeton University Press, 1997).                                      

 

Tammen, Silke: "Gewalt im Bilde: Ikonographien, Wahrnehmungen, Ästhetisierungen," in            Gewalt im Mittelalter. Realität – Imaginationen, edited by Manuel Braun and   Cornelia Herberichs (Munich: Wilhelm Fink Verlag), 307-340.

 

Schulenberg, Jane Tibbets: "The Heroics of Virginity: The Brides of Christ and Sacrificial             Mutilation"; in: Women in the Middle Ages and the Renaissance: Literary and          Historic Perspectives; New York, Syracuse University Press, 1986, pp. 29–72.

 

Trexler, C. Richard: "Gendering Jesus Crucified," in Iconography at the Crossroad, ed.     Brendan Cassidy (Princeton, 1993).

 

 

Gender and Violence

 

Caviness, Madeline Harison: Visualizing Women in the Middle Ages: Sight, Spectacle, and Scopic Economy (Philadelphia: University of Pennsylvania Press, 2001).

 

Gilbertson, Leanne: "Imaging St. Margaret: "imitatio Christi" and "imitatio Mariae" in the Vanni Altarpiece," in Images, Relics and Devotional Practices in the Medieval and            Renaissance Italy, edited by Sally J. Cornelison and Scott B. Montgomery (Tempe:    Arizona Center for Medieval and Renaissance Studies, 2006), 115-138. 

 

McInerney, Maud Burnett: "Rhetoric, Power and Integrity in the Passion of the Virgin Martyr," in Menacing Virgins. Representing Virginity in the Middle Ages and the    Renaissance (Delaware, 1999).

 

Miles, Margaret R.: Carnal Knowing: Female Nakedness and Religious Meaning in the      Christian West (New York: Vintage Books, 1991).

 

Stones, Alison: "Nipples, Entrails, Severed Heads, and Skin: Devotional Images for Madame       Marie," in Image and Belief. Studies in Celebration of the Eightieth Anniversary of      the Index of Christian Art, edited Colum Hourihane (Princeton, New-Jersey:    Princeton University Press, 1999), 47-70.

 

Tibbets Schulenberg, Jane: "The Heroics of Virginity: The Brides of Christ and Sacrificial             Mutilation," in Women in the Middle Ages and the Renaissance: Literary and Historic        Perspectives (