The emergence of modern sexuality as a field of study invoked heterosexual anxieties around what is natural and normative, as well as different attempts for coping with them through distinctions between the normal and the deviant. The work Psychopathia Sexualis (1887) by the psychiatrist Richard von Krafft-Ebing marks the formation of sexology as a scientific discipline, which was also an expression of these cultural fears. Subsequently, researchers, jurists, writers and artists engaged in research and writing on sexuality, with an emphasis on the “anti-social” and “pathological” behaviors it included. By analyzing these cultural and scientific discussions, the seminar will deal with the paradox – that the discourse on sexuality brought not only liberation and recognition of different forms of sexuality, but also contributed to the rise of bio-politics.