The modern computing environment is very different than it used to be. Sensitive information that once existed only on local trusted machines — medical records, personal preferences, and our finances – is now stored and processed by various entities onew the web, who we often do not trust. To maintain privacy in this reality, a new array of cryptographic tools has been developed over the past decade allowing different forms of encrypted computation. This includes: fully-homomorphic encryption, attribute-based encryption, functional encryption, and program obfuscation. The seminar will cover some of these advances with special focus on the main open questions in the area.