The geometric approximation: advantages and limitations. Single step approximation. Imaging with perfect lens. Optical system types. Aberration analysis. Apertures and stops. MTF, PSF and image quality. Optimization. Opto-mechanics and optical manufacturing. Optical tolerance analysis. Lighting systems. Optical and mechanical coatings. Advanced subjects: Non sequential and 3D ray tracing. Wavefront propagation in Zemax. Physical optics propagation (POP).