Systems of linear algebraic equations. Gauss' elimination algorithm. Matrix calculus, basic operations, inverse matrix. Determinants. Vector spaces over a field. Linear dependence. Basis, dimension. Linear subspace. Linear maps. Matrix of a linear map. Kernel, image, and rank of a linear map. Isomorphism. Linear functional. Dual vector space. Scalar product, Euclidean and unitary spaces. Cauchy-Schwarz inequality. Orthonormal basis. Gram-Schmidt orthogonalization. Orthogonal and unitary matrices.